Improving water treatment resilience and grid stability using hybrid energy systems during blackout events
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This study examines the power flow behavior and grid stability of a hybrid energy system integrating biogas, solar PV, and battery storage to enhance resilience during blackout events in critical infrastructure such as water treatment plants. Using ETAP, multiple operational and fault scenarios were simulated to evaluate system performance. Results show that under fault conditions, conventional grid voltage dropped drastically to 2.07%, whereas the hybrid system-maintained voltages at 100%, representing a recovery improvement of over 97%. The system restored stability within 6 seconds, significantly outperforming standalone grid operation. The biogas–battery configuration delivered the highest resilience, increasing available power from 294.7 kW to 337.2 kW (=14.4%), while the PV–battery system ensured continuous supply with stable voltage. In contrast, standalone biogas systems exhibited instability and collapse. Economically, despite a capital cost of $280,000, annual savings exceeding $20,000 enable a payback period of approximately 14 years, confirming long-term viability. These findings demonstrate that hybrid systems enhance voltage stability, recovery time, reliability, and economic sustainability for resilient energy deployment in blackout-prone regions.
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