Techno-economic and environmental optimisation of photovoltaic systems based on self-consumption with surplus grid injection for industrial buildings
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Abstract
This study evaluates the technical, economic, and environmental feasibility of a rooftop photovoltaic system for an industrial facility consuming 67184 kWh/year. The system is optimised for self-consumption, with surplus exported to the grid. Modelling and PVsyst simulations considered the load profile, rooftop geometry and corrected solar irradiation. Four photovoltaic capacities (30, 40, 50, and 60 kWp) were analysed. A multi-criteria approach was applied to assess their performance across technical, economic, and environmental pillars. The 30 kWp system is undersised while the 60 kWp system produces excessive surplus. Compared to the 40 kWp system, the 50 kWp configuration generates 26 % more energy, 23.8 % more surplus, and requires 15 % higher capital expenditure. The 40 kWp system delivers 49807 kWh/year, of which 25702 kWh are self-consumed, with an 8-year payback. CO2 emissions avoided reah 285.6 t over 25 years, with a 8-year carbon payback. The multi-criteria analysis identifies the 40 kWp system as the optimal solution.
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