Journal of Renewable Energies

Using MCFC for capturing CO2 from flue gases and delivering to Sabatier reactor for SNG synthesis

Jaroslaw Milewski, Aliaksandr Martsinchyk — Wed, 18 Sep 2024 00:00:00 +0000

In contemporary power generation, enhancing efficiency and mitigating environmental contamination are of paramount importance. The imperative to curtail greenhouse gas emissions stands as a preeminent challenge within this sector. Concurrently, there is a marked surge in the exploitation of renewable energy sources, which, due to their intermittent nature, precipitates the imperative for advanced energy storage solutions. This paper introduces an integrated system designed to address both the reduction of CO2 emissions and the storage of energy. The advocated system integrates a Molten Carbonate Fuel Cell (MCFC), Solid Oxide Electrolysis Cell (SOEC), and a Sabatier reactor. The MCFC is employed for its proficient CO2 capture capabilities at the cathode, exhibiting remarkable efficiency, operational flexibility, and a high CO2 separation quotient. The SOEC is recognized for its effective hydrogen production, leveraging high operational temperatures to augment hydrogen output while diminishing electrical energy consumption through thermal energy substitution. The Sabatier reactor is utilized for catalytic methanation, transforming CO2 into Substitute Natural Gas—a compound predominantly comprising methane and hydrogen with minimal CO2 and water traces. This system facilitates the capture and utilization of over 80% of CO2 from exhaust fumes, achieving an overall energy efficiency of 71%. The system's design and off-design operational parameters were meticulously modeled and analyzed.

First-principle study on the structural, electronic and mechanical properties of High Entropy Alloy TiZrFeRu for hydrogen storage applications

Wed, 18 Sep 2024 00:00:00 +0000

High-entropy alloys are promising for hydrogen storage, especially in terms of their tunable hydrogen storage properties. Although several experimental studies, a fundamental and detailed atomistic comprehension of physical and electronic of the hydrogenation process is still lacking. This work investigated the structural, electronic and mechanical properties of TiZrFeRu high-entropy alloys (HEAs) using first-principle calculation. Indeed, we employed both density functional theory and density functional perturbation theory in the calculations with generalized gradient approximation and plane-waves pseudo-potential formalism. In addition, we used Virtual crystal approximation (VCA) to describe HEA as is well suited for predicting elastic properties. We have calculated relevant physical parameters, including lattice constants, elastic constants, elastic modulus, Poisson's ratio, Pugh's ratio, anisotropy factors and Vickers hardness..etc. Our calculated finding show that that TiZrFeRuH2 is mechanically stable and has a good ductility with a Pugh’s ratio (B/G) greater than 1.75. Lastly, we investigated and discussed electronic bandstructure, the total and partial electronic density of state. The results indicate that this compound exhibit a metallic character concentrated in a zone between -5 and 5 eV. The value of the Poisson ration (0.35) confirm again that this compound is metallic (for metal materials the Poisson ratio is above 0.25).

An Experimental Study Analysis of The Suitability of Sensible Heat Storage Materials for Solar Cooking Under Algerian Sahara Conditions

Assam Benbaha, Fatiha Yettou, Amor Gama, Boubekeur Azoui — Wed, 18 Sep 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Solar power stands as a crucially sustainable energy source, primarily harnessed for heating and generating power. Various energy storage materials exist, enabling the improvement of diverse solar heating systems' performance. In this study, we've experimentally examined the thermal storage capabilities of small masonry brick pieces within a box-type solar cooker. This material was utilized atop the cooking plate in the tested cooker. The authors focused on making box cookers more efficient without breaking the bank, particularly benefiting those in remote areas. They explored using cost-effective heat storage materials, making it accessible even to those with limited education. Cooking trials showed promising results, indicating the practicality of affordable energy storage materials. These findings hint at the possibility of widespread adoption of the tested model. The cooker boasts a thermal efficiency of approximately 36.8%, a cooking power of around 61.10 W, and a thermal storage capacity of roughly 7 hours per day. The estimated cost for the cooker tested comes in at about $75.

Valorisation of Algerian agro-wastes as renewable biofuels: Impact of using microwave-assisted method on lipid extraction

Fairouz Bakhouche, Leila Madani, Oussama Houhou — Wed, 18 Sep 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Fossil fuels are the largest contributor to climate change, representing about 90% of carbon dioxide emissions. Given the environmental impact and the high prices around the world, finding an alternative solution has become necessary at the present time. Biodiesel, as a renewable energy, is considered one of the possible solutions to reduce these emissions since the CO2 emitted during combustion will be recycled again by nature for feedstock production. This process is known as a closed carbon cycle. The cost of producing biodiesel depends on the nature of the raw material and the production method which involves both oil extraction and its transformation to biodiesel. Our contribution lies in feedstocks choice and extraction method, namely, we provide a comparison between conventional extraction methods including maceration, Soxhlet and microwave-assisted extraction as an innovative method. The latter technique has been developed for the extraction of lipids from different agro-wastes available in Algeria. Our results show that MAE of lipid has proven its effectiveness in terms of rapid and powerful heating, particularly regarding extraction time, which was 1/6 and 2/3 of SE and ME extraction time respectively. The use of different extraction method has no obvious impact on the presence of functional groups, between dates' palm seeds and olive pomace lipids. However, it can be more significant when using ME.

Optimizing Hybrid Perovskites for High-Efficiency Solar Energy

Wissem Nasri, Baghdad Hadri, Yacine Sebbah — Wed, 18 Sep 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Our research explores hybrid perovskite solar cells, promising low-cost and high-efficiency photovoltaic solutions. Despite challenges, optimizations like interface engineering enhance performance for future commercial use. Study of different physical parameters with the help of SILVACO and MATLAB Simulink for cell modeling. Long-term stability and cost reductions are among the most significant challenges to broad commercialization Future research will be around trying different parameter values. There searcher said this project represents an important step forward in the development of hybrid perovskite solar cells, which could be a key partof a new wave of clean energy sources that are needed as global consumption levels continue to rise. The solar cells studied herein are detailed by the six-scan structure: Glass/Indium Tin Oxide (ITO) / Electron Transport Layer - (N layer) - Active Layer (Perovskite) - Hole transport_layer (Payer) - Metal Electrode; Glass/ITO/TiO2/Pero_Aardes Spiro-OMeTAD/Au. It delivers the energy conversion efficiency of 19.12% with a fill factor (FF) of 80.53%, an open-circuit voltage at Voc =1.14 Vandshort circuit current density Jsc=20.88 mA/cm²,respectively The active layer is a 0.25 -thick CH3NH3PbI3 perovskite, and the TiO2 layer thickness was set at 0.02

Analysis of the efficiency of a Solar Photovoltaic Power Plant linked to the electrical grid

Wed, 18 Sep 2024 00:00:00 +0000

The growing need for energy in emerging nations gives rise to apprehensions over energy security, so underscoring the criticality of harnessing the potential of renewable resources. Empirical evidence has demonstrated that photovoltaic systems integrated into the network are the optimal options for large-scale renewable energy. The analysis of the performance of these network-connected centrals can enhance the design, operation, and maintenance of new systems. The commissioning of a 12 MW photovoltaic solar power plant in Sidi Bel Abbès, located in the Dhaya region, has established it as one of the largest solar power plants in Algeria. The site yields a mean solar radiation of 5.21 kilowatt-hours per square metre per day and an average yearly temperature of 18.9 degrees Celsius. The present work provides an analysis of the yearly performance and conceptual aspects of the photovoltaic central unit. We compare the performance outcomes of the power plant with the simulated values generated by the SolarGis PvPlanner program. Analysis of real-world performance in relation to simulations allows for the detection of inconsistencies and the enhancement of future initiatives. SolarGis PvPlanner is an essential modelling program for accurately forecasting performance and effectively strategising solar projects, therefore guaranteeing sustainable and dependable energy for the future.

The potential of mixing model of wind speed distribution in Algerian High Plateaus

Mohamed Amin Hellalbi, Ahcene Bouabdallah — Wed, 18 Sep 2024 00:00:00 +0000

The evaluation of wind energy relies primarily on the probability density function PDF, which corresponds well with the wind speed data. Single PDFs are widely used in the assessment of wind. In contrast, homogeneous or heterogeneous mixed models are rarely used, especially in Algeria, where the bimodal wind speed distribution is expected. This research aims to investigate the potential of heterogeneous PDFs Generalized Extreme Value-Weibul and Normal-Extreme Value PDFs in assessing wind energy at three meteorological stations in the high plateau against the single widespread PDFs Weibull and GEV by analyzing five years of archived wind speed data. The estimation of mixed model parameters is obtained by applying the Expectation-Maximization algorithm, and the identification of the appropriate PDF is obtained by four goodness-of-fit (GOF) criteria and compared with the widespread single distributions. The results show that the mixed model surpasses widely the single model for all the GOF criteria used at the three selected sites. The proposed mixed model fits all the wind speed distributions related to unimodal and bimodal regimes.

Numerical Study of a Heat Transfer in a Photovoltaic (PV) Panel Water Cooling Systems

Ridha Hannat — Wed, 18 Sep 2024 00:00:00 +0000

The proposed work uses the CFD commercial flow solver Ansys CFX. This solver is a finite volume-based method. Ansys CFX is used to compute heat transfer at the fluid-solid interface using its CHT module to improve the efficiency of the cooling PV system. The cooling PV system proposed by Wilson is the best-chosen design since it uses a confined water flow and then no water is lost or evaporated also it uses the hydraulic head of water from a tank without the use of a circulating pump. According to the last studies of a confined flow, the k-w turbulent model of Wilcox is selected to study heat transfer inside a 3D geometry proposed by Wilson. The recirculation area effect on heat transfer lowers the wall heat flux at the solid-fluid interface so this recirculation area must be avoided. To achieve the recirculation area, different cooling PV systems geometries can be investigated in future studies.

Predictive direct power control of a grid connected photovoltaic system, associated with an active power filter

Lakhdar Belhadji, Mohamed Nader Amrani — Wed, 18 Sep 2024 00:00:00 +0000

This paper deals with power quality improvement using a three-phase active power filter (APF) connected to a PV power system. This paper deals with power quality improvement using a three-phase active power filter (APF) connected to a PV power system. The DC-DC boost converter acting as an interface within the PV system and the three-phase voltage source inverter. A fuzzy logic maximum power point tracking (MPPT) controller is used to obtain the maximum power from the PV system. Furthermore, the optimal selection of the inverter switching states is realized by combination of direct power control (DPC) and a predictive method. Modelling and simulation of the system were performed by using Matlab/Simulink software.

Numerical investigation of turbulent flow over a small-scale vertical axis wind turbine

Wed, 18 Sep 2024 00:00:00 +0000

The present paper aims to analyse the aerodynamics of turbulent fluid flow over a vertical axis wind turbine (VAWT). A 2D study is carried out for a two-bladed SAVONIUS wind turbine, where the rotor diameter is D=20cm. The governing equations (Unsteady Reynolds Averaged Navier Stokes URANS) are solved numerically using a CFD (computational fluid dynamics) open-source code based on the finite volume method; the SST turbulence model is applied for the system closure. An arbitrary mesh interface (AMI) technique is applied at the sliding interface boundary, which is a circular surface separating between the rotating zone and the fixed zone where the mesh remains stationary. The numerical results allow predicting the vorticity and pressure distributions over a rotating wind turbine for different tip speed ratios in order to characterize the generated wake. The velocity deficit is calculated for different positions behind the rotor to characterize the disturbance rate of the flow.

Supervision of a Photovoltaic/Batteries System for Stand Alone Applications

Wed, 18 Sep 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Our paper is focused on optimal and control of an isolated photovoltaic system with batteries. The control is made by the application of a power management control (PMC). Batteries are kept safe from deep discharges and overloads by the PMC, maintaining a continuous supply to the load. The ease, with which this method can be implemented, as well as its effectiveness without imposing a large computing strain on the user, is noteworthy. The batteries and PV panels in the system under study are connected to a bidirectional converter enabling the batteries to be charged and drained in accordance with weather conditions. The simulation results, clearly highlight good performance of the proposed control across two different profiles.

Robust Solar Tracking with Neural Network Predictive Modeling and Sliding Mode Control

Abdellatif Tahtah, Zoubir Zahzouh, Hasen Kaddour — Wed, 18 Sep 2024 00:00:00 +0000

This research presents a hybrid control technique for high-precision dual-axis solar tracking in photovoltaic systems, combining sliding mode control (SMC) with artificial neural networks (ANNs). An ANN model predicts the sun's altitude and azimuth angles based on time and date information. These predicted angles serve as reference inputs to an SMC algorithm that governs the rotational speeds of two DC motors adjusting the solar tracker's altitude and azimuth orientations. The SMC ensures robust tracking by calculating control signals that drive the DC motors to accurately follow the sun's trajectory, while leveraging the ANN's predictive capabilities. The proposed ANN-SMC approach mitigates uncertainties, rejects disturbances, and accounts for system nonlinearities, enabling optimal solar energy harvesting. Simulation results demonstrate the strategy's effectiveness, achieving highly accurate sun tracking with a mean absolute error below 0.09° for altitude and 0.27° for azimuth angles. This integration of neural networks and sliding mode control yields an efficient solar tracking system that maximizes energy yield.

Multi-objective optimization of a photovoltaic/wind/diesel pumping system with water tank in the Adrar region

Amina Bakelli, Sihem Hamache, Yahia Bakelli, Abdelhamid Kaabeche — Wed, 18 Sep 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Irrigating the remote regions of southern Algeria, which generally use diesel generators, with clean, environmentally-friendly energy is a challenge. Taking into account the solar and wind potential of the Adrar region, a renewable system using both sources seems more cost-effective. The realization of hybrid renewable energy systems takes into account several technical, economic and environmental aspects. This study consists in finding an efficient and adequate energy supply for the irrigation of one hectare of date palm in the Adrar region. It proposes a mathematical modelling for the given problem in different possible models, for this, we used the basic concepts of multi-objective optimization (bi-objective), and the adaptation of the concept of genetic algorithms to find solutions. The theoretical foundations discussed in this research have enabled us to design and implement a software that optimizes the hybrid pumping system used for the irrigation of date palms by minimizing the total cost and reducing CO2 emissions produced by the diesel group.

Conversion of glycerol into value-added products

Wed, 18 Sep 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Biomass residues and industrial waste are of great interest for their potential to produce a wide range of bioenergy and value-added products. Crude glycerol can be valorized into value added products by several microorganisms through microbial fermentation. Thus, Significant efforts have been made to develop biological methods to convert crude glycerol into various valuable chemicals and fuels, including 1, 3-propanediol, hydrogen and ethanol.
In this context, our work have use glycerol medium as source of carbon for investigate bioethanol and 1, 3-propandiol production, using a microbial consortium. All experiments was carried out in sealed bottles, the reaction medium is placed in the shaker incubator at 37°C with stirring at 130 rpm. . Nitrogen gas was injected to create anaerobic conditions. The highest concentration of ethanol and 1,3 – propanediol obtained were 3.47 (g/l) and 4.8 mg/l respectively . These results highlight promising avenues for the valorization of biomass residues and industrial wastes in sustainable bioenergy production.

Bio-valorization of Cow Dung for Green Renewable Energy

Lamia Kadir, Meryem Saber, Aissa Khelifi, Noureddine Yassaa — Wed, 18 Sep 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Recovering organic waste, mainly animal manure, to produce biogas (through bio-methanization) could be seen as an economical, decentralized and environmentally friendly solution for farm waste management since it provides energy autonomy and sustainable agricultural development in rural areas. In this work, cow manure from a cattle farm located in Bouzereah, was used as a substrate. An experimental set up consists of 1.5-liter glass batch digester with a total solid concentration of 5.15%, a heating system (thermostated bath) and a magnetic stirring system. The experiment was monitored for 36 days in a thermophilic environment (55°C). The monitored physico-chemical characteristics of cow dung samples; are: pH, acidity, alkalinity, biogas volume and chemical oxygen demand (COD). Biogas production began at a rate of 0.27 L/day on day 11, with a total biogas potential over 50 L/kg of dried solid. The observed buffering capacity indicate a promising potential to use this substrate in co-digestion process namely for acidic substrate such as chees-whey and household wastes.

Opportunity and feasibility studies for the deployment of green hydrogen in Algeria

Abdelhamid Kaabeche, Yahia Bakelli, Lynda Hannoun, Kamelia Drici — Wed, 18 Sep 2024 00:00:00 +0000

This study focuses on the technical and economic feasibility of green hydrogen production systems using three wind turbine technologies. These are the VESTAS V90, GAMESA G80 and LAGARWEY LW72 models, each with a power of 2MW. These turbines are being deployed at three distinct sites (the north, the high plateau and the Algerian south). The results obtained allow us to compare the costs and volumes of hydrogen production for the three sites and wind turbine technologies chosen. Results clearly show that VESTAS wind tur-bines offer the most advantageous costs for hydrogen production, with costs of $20.16/kg, $10.47/kg and $9.11/kg for the Algiers, El-Bayadh and Adrar sites respectively, compared with costs of $29.18/kg, $14.37/kg and $12.81/kg for the same sites using LAGERWEY wind turbines. These results highlight the importance of evaluating both the quantity of hydrogen produced and the related cost, taking into consideration the choice of site as well as the wind turbine technology used.

Energy recovery from two low-value date varieties

Wed, 18 Sep 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Algeria produces 500,000 tons of dates a year, 53% are common varieties (Ould El Hadj 2012 ) (1).Production of bioethanol from two varieties of dates that are not widely marketed, Degla Beïda and Timjouhart. We analysed the physicochemical composition of the raw material: water content, acidity, °Brix degree, total sugars, reducing sugars, fat and proteins. The extracted date juice was then fermented for 72 hours and distilled to purify the ethanol. After fermentation and distillation, analyses were carried out by GCMS. The results showed that the juices extracted from the two varieties were rich in total sugars, 62.89% and 56% respectively for Degla Beïda and Timjouhart, but low in protein and fat. With regard to alcoholic fermentation, the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae proved effective in producing ethanol, with yields of 86.79 g/l for Degla Beïda dates and 68.64 g/l for Timjouhart dates. With the application of processing and bioprocessing technologies, these date varieties could be exploited for further opportunities in various industries.

On-Grid Hybrid PV/WT Renewable Energy System for Green Hydrogen Production

Nourdine Kabouche, Fares Meziane, Ilyes Nouicer, Rafika Boudries — Wed, 18 Sep 2024 00:00:00 +0000

The term "Power-to-X" (PtX) refers to a set of techniques for converting electrical energy into another form of energy, primarily focusing on hydrogen production. Produced hydrogen can be stored, distributed, and then used directly (to regenerate electricity, generate heat, or in transportation, steel, and chemical industries) or indirectly to produce ammonia, fertilizers, methane, methanol, e-fuels, and more. Thus, PtX is a mean of storing intermittent energy and a key contributor to the energy transition and decarbonization. In this article, we examine a grid-connected green hydrogen production system. This 1 MW renewable capacity system consists of a 300 kW wind turbine, a 700 kW photovoltaic field, and a 209 kW electrolyzer. In this system, any excess energy is integrated into the grid, enhancing overall energy sustainability. Conversely, when energy output is insufficient for the electrolyzer, the deficit is sourced from the grid, ensuring continuous and reliable operation. This dynamic interaction with the grid optimizes energy usage and reinforces the stability of the system. The results show an annual hydrogen production of about 16 tons, renewable energy production of approximately 1.9 GWh/year, a 20.85% capacity factor, a shortage of about 144.5 MWh, and an energy excess of about 824 MWh.

Thermal performance and Feasibility Study Using a Straw-Based Thermal Insulation in Geothermal systems

Ouahiba Bendaikha, Ahmed Zarzor Hussien Yaseri — Wed, 18 Sep 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Straw is the part of the stem (or stubble) of certain grasses, known as "straw cereals", and is most often a by-product or waste product of cereal production. In northern Algeria, it is produced in all cereal growing regions. It is generally used for animal feed. In this study, straw waste is used as a bio-material for thermal insulation in bioclimatic constructions and especially in geothermal applications, and the thermal insulation needs in a geothermal system is discussed. Furthermore, thermal performance of wheat straw aggregates bio-based material is tested for several thicknesses until stable results are achieved, using conduction heat transfer tests or heating flat plate. This method is based on the temperature difference measuring across the sample (inlet and outlet) and finally, compared it with other commercial geothermal insulation materials. Obtained results give us an idea of the energy gains to be expected from the bio-based materials manufacture to be used in geothermal systems comparing to conventional materials. It is noted that, the optimum thickness of the insulation material based on straw is 2cm, giving a temperature gradient around 9°C versus 16°C for conventional materials. Straw organic waste material is a promising candidate as an alternative insulating material for low-carbon and green buildings targets. Which are in line with the objectives set by the Algerian government as part of the fight against climate change, in particular the development of renewable energies, the promotion of energy efficiency as well as clean technologies and waste recycling.

Energy and exergy analysis of a parabolic trough driven an ORC cycle for heat and power supply

Wed, 18 Sep 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Converting solar energy using the Parabolic Trough Collector (PTC) to produce electrical energy and supply industrial heat is one of the most prominent and most popular sustainable and renewable, widely used throughout the worldwide due to its effectiveness and benefit returns. For this reason, this study aims to investigate the effectiveness of these power plants under a specific climatic conditions and analysis the results come out from the simulation using an EES developed model. The analysis investigates the energy and exergy of the PTC plant coupled with Turboden ORC cycle. The presented model allows us to preview the theoretical results and derive the expected results smoothly, with the possibility of development for a better control of the use of renewable energies in the industrial field. The thermal efficiency of the ORC cycle increases as the heat output increases until it reaches an almost constant value above 2801 [kW] in heat output with a output capacity of the ORC cycle about 1 [MW].

Feasibility Study of a Wind-Diesel Hybrid System in a Remote Site on Southern of Algeria

Sabiha Kheder-Haddouche, Hafida Daaou Nedjari, Salima Adjiri — Wed, 18 Sep 2024 00:00:00 +0000

In this study, we present an autonomous solution for a village located north of Timimoun in Algeria, with around thirty households. As the region has good wind potential with an average annual speed of around 5m/s, this resource is used to develop a hybrid wind/diesel/battery system. A technical-economic analysis is carried out using the HOMER optimization tool to determine the optimal solution. We considered a range of load sizes, from 0.9 kWh/d to 3.6 kWh/day, and a range of wind speeds, from 3.99 m/s to 5.42 m/s at 10 m from the ground. Several wind turbines with powers ranging from 1 kW to 10 kW have been tested.The best combination is given by the wind/diesel/battery system operating with the WES 5 Tulipo turbine with a rated power of 2.6 kW, with a diesel price equal to 0.22 $/kWh. This solution reduces the COE to 0.569 $/kWh and renewable fraction is maximum (86%). In addition, the emissions of CO2, CO and SO2 decrease to less than 70% of the emissions of Diesel power system. The sensitivity study shows that the wind/diesel/battery system is optimal for any wind speed greater than 3.5 m/s whatever the price of diesel.

Application of Artificial Intelligent Techniques for Power Quality Improvement in Microgrid System

Khaoula Nermine Khallouf, Zarour Laid — Wed, 18 Sep 2024 00:00:00 +0000

This paper focuses on modeling, control and power quality improvement of a microgrid connected system. This last was designed as a multi-converter system with Wind Turbine driven Permanent Magnet Synchronous Generator, and lithium ion Battery Storage Energy System. These sources are connected by a continuous bus to a nonlinear load through a DC /AC converter and three-phases multi-functional voltage source inverter. Where, wind systems are considered as primary power resource, and the grid is used for the effect of consumption of the overage power available from sources, when the battery has been fully charged. Multi Functional Voltage Source Inverter is used to ameliorate the performance of the proposed system, guaranteeing both reactive power and harmonic compensation. Moreover an intelligent control by fuzzy logic control algorithm are managed In order to extract the maximum power from wind turbine, to guarantee an effective storage management, this about the DC side. For the AC side a direct power control strategy with fuzzy logic algorithm have been used. The simulation of the system solution is carried out in Matlab/Simulink. The obtained simulation results show that the technique of fuzzy logic furnish the best solution in term of robustness, optimization performance, low THD and fast dynamic response.

AHP Optimization Method for Windy Site in Costal Annaba Region

Samira Louassa, Hafida Daaou Nedjari, Sabiha Kheder-Haddouche — Wed, 18 Sep 2024 00:00:00 +0000

The majority of countries worldwide rely on fossil fuels as a source of energy. Nevertheless, the utilization of this source of energy is associated with significant environmental problems. To reduce their impact, innovative clean energy solutions are needed. Wind power is currently the most cost-effective and competitive renewable energy source. The identification of an optimal location for a wind farm is a crucial aspect of the decision-making process. This involves considering numerous factors, including wind speed, terrain quality, distance to the power grid, road network, housing, agricultural land, and environmental concerns. The use of Multi-Criteria Decision Method (MCDM) and Geographic Information System (GIS), along with other techniques, facilitates the selection of sites that meet the desired criteria. This study employed GIS and MCDM-AHP methods in order to identify suitable sites for wind farm installation in an eastern Algerian coastal area. In the context of MCDM analysis, it is important to note that not all criteria are of equal importance. Consequently, each criterion is assigned a specific weight to reflect its importance. The weights assigned in this study were calculated using the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP). The result was a wind speed suitability map that combined all criteria into two site categories in fact, 20% of the land area is highly suitable and 10% is found to be most suitable.

Wind pumping with possibility to eliminate the power electronics bay

Saci Taraft, Djamila Rekioua, Abdelhak Djoudi, Djamal Aouzellag — Wed, 18 Sep 2024 00:00:00 +0000

In this article, we propose an application which resides in wind pumping, in particular the possibility to eliminate the power electronics interface. This fact is based on the exploitation of the torque-speed characteristic of the centrifugal type pump. The pumping system proposed in this article is made up of a three-blade turbine, two permanent magnets synchronous machines, one of which plays the role of the generator and the other motor driving the centrifugal pump. The good choice of machines and the centrifugal pump made possible the operation of the system of pumping with elimination of the static converter.The mathematical model to eliminate the static converter is developed and presented, implemented and simulated in the Matlab/Simulink environment.The simulation results obtained are validated by comparison with other simulation results of a wind pumping system with the presence of the power electronics interface.

IoT Weather Station Optimized for Energy Efficiency

Wed, 18 Sep 2024 00:00:00 +0000

This work presents an economical IoT weather station with energy-efficient capabilities. It offers a multi-sensor platform, with balanced functionality and power optimization that ensures an extended- wireless range. The developed system features diverse sensors measuring temperature, humidity, pressure and light intensity. Employing power-saving techniques like sleep/wake cycles and controlled sampling rates makes the station economical and power-efficient. This setup allows distant observation via a web browser interface, addressing the challenge of low power and extended-range deployments of embedded systems. The adopted energy optimization strategy enabled autonomous long-range functioning, with real-time data collection and visualization. The recoded peak power consumption is only 2022 A for all the embedded operations.

On the industrial solar drying of tomatoes in Biskra : A preliminary study

Amel Boulemtafes-Boukadoum, Rahma Bessah, Abdenour Bourabaa — Wed, 18 Sep 2024 00:00:00 +0000

The objective of this study is to carry out a pre-feasibility study of solar industrial drying as a preliminary step before investing in large-scale solar drying projects in Algeria. Our primary goal is to promote the use of industrial solar dryers and to incite public authorities and industrials to invest in this promising niche. This work aims to strengthen the contribution of renewable energies and particularly solar energy in the sustainable development of the agri-food sector. Indeed, using solar energy will reduce the energy consumption and decrease greenhouse gas emissions of drying process. The prefeasibility analysis is achieved using the RETScreen Suite. Our study aims to investigate energy consumption of an industrial solar dryer of tomatoes, located in the city of Biskra. Various parameters as solar collector type and drying air temperature were tested and discussed. The obtained results showed a reduction in energy consumption up to 35%. Likewise, the reduction of GHG emissions recorded very favorable rates. This study's findings provide a preliminary vision for investors in the agri-food sector to build their project so they may maximize their profit while supporting the environment by lowering carbon emissions.

Heat transfer enhancement in a large-scale Ti-Mn based metal hydride storage reactor with nanofluids using open source CFD software

Wed, 18 Sep 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Metals can safely store hydrogen with high energy densities in the form of metal hydrides through an exothermic process. However, the slow hydrogen absorption kinetics significantly decreases its storage rate. Ensuring efficient heat dissipation from the metal hydride bed can result in a faster charging rate, which in turn improves the storage performance. The objective of this work is to improve the rate of heat and mass transfer in a Ti-Mn-based metal hydrides reactor for large-scale applications using a 3D model. Finite volume simulations with OpenFOAM software were conducted to investigate the influence of various parameters on the hydride reactors’ performance. Water-based alumina (Al2O3/H2O) nanofluid with varying volume fractions up to 5% are used as heat transfer fluids. The results show that accelerating the coolant flow velocity, decreasing its inlet temperature, and increasing the hydrogen supply pressure contribute further to enhancing thermal performance. Compared to pure water, the Al2O3/H2O nanofluid with 5 vol % can improve heat transfer by approximately 11.5%. This can reduce the time needed to reach 90% storage by 18.1%. Also, the pressure drop throughout the hydride reactor at different flow velocities is slightly greater than that in pure water.

Improvement of heat transfer within solar water heater’s tubes (SWH) using nanofluids

Toufik Benmalek, Abdelkader Boutra, Moustafa Boukraa — Wed, 18 Sep 2024 00:00:00 +0000

This research offers a numerical study of steady and laminar mixed convection flow in a circular pipe as part of a flat plate solar collector, which is crossed by nanofluids. The pipe is kept at a constant wall temperature and then at a constant heat flux, which represents the solar radiation received by the pipe. The governing coupled equations are solved with the finite volume approach. Computations are carried out using an in-house computer code, which has been satisfactorily validated by comparison to previous investigations. Empirical relations are used to predict the effective thermal conductivity and viscosity of nanofluids. The results are investigated using dynamic and thermal fields, with a special emphasis on the Nusselt number calculated along the active wall. They demonstrate that increasing the volume fraction of nanoparticles and Reynolds number improves heat transfer.

Damage Assessment of Sheet Molding Compound Composites

Malika Kersani, Ahcene Bouabdallah — Wed, 18 Sep 2024 00:00:00 +0000

The investigation focuses on the initiation and progression of damage in SMC (Sheet Moulding Compound) composites subjected to tension. These composites consist of a polyester matrix reinforced with randomly oriented short C glass fibers. Damage monitoring is conducted using the acoustic emission technique. To assess the influence of surface density on damage in SMC, three series of composites with surface concentrations of 300 g/m2, 450 g/m2, and 600 g/m2 are tested. Based on stress-strain curves, the main mechanical properties of the different composites are determined. Additionally, the analysis of the collected acoustic emission data enabled us to determine the damage thresholds in the different studied composites. While tensile tests and the acoustic emission technique allowed us to determine important composite parameters, further research is necessary to comprehensively discern the various damage modes.

Predictive current control implementation of Stand Alone PV inverter

Mohamed Rida Bengourina, Linda Hassaine, Fateh Abdoune, Issam Abadlia — Wed, 18 Sep 2024 00:00:00 +0000

In stand-alone photovoltaic (PV) systems, the main goal is to control the current that the inverter feeds to the load. In this paper, the performance of predictive current control (MPCC) is tested and evaluated for a stand-alone photovoltaic (PV) system. Our evaluation spans various current amplitudes and frequencies, aiming to demonstrate its robust performance and practical applicability. The MPCC method employs a discrete-time model of the system, enabling the prediction of future values of the load current for all potential volt-age vectors generated by the inverter. Implementing the MPCC strategy on RL (resistor-inductor) load alimented by a PV inverter offers the advantage of simplified implementation and significantly reduced computing time. Simulation and experimental results are presented to prove the efficiency and practical applicability of the proposed control. Both results conclusively demonstrate the high efficacy of MPCC in managing a stand-alone photovoltaic (PV) inverter across various current amplitudes and frequencies, ensuring reliable and robust performance

Characterization of Electrochemically Active Bacteria Utilizing Redox Response in Microbial Electrolysis Cell

Bachira Abada , Amina Saidi — Wed, 18 Sep 2024 00:00:00 +0000

This study focuses on micro-electrochemical screening to select microbial strains capable of directly transfer electrons to the working electrode dependent on specific enzymatic machinery. The main objective of this work is to select and identify promising strains for allow the bioelectrolysis production of hydrogen. To achieve this goal, microbial composites (artificial biofilms), have been developed using Escherichia coli CGE1 from LCPME. CNRS Fransh, Pseudomonas putrifisciens (CIP 69.13) (CIP, Collection Institut Pasteur, Fransh). Shewanella oneidensis MR-1 (ATCC 700550), and Thiobacillus denitrificans, from (ATCC, American Type Culture Collection), each one enclosed in a matrix carbon nanotubes and protamine matrix, forming an artificial biofilm on buckypaper. Cyclic Voltammetry (CV) measurements were performed over a potential range of +0.4 to -0.7V at 5mV/s under 30°C, using a saturated KCl Ag/AgCl reference electrode and a stainless-steel grid counter electrode. For E. coli and P. putrifisciens, the measurement focused on the oxidation of 20mM glucose, while the former bacteria were growth with and without O2. For S. oneidensis and T. denitrificans the focus was on the reduction of fumarate and 20 mM of NaNOH3+, respectively. As results, E. coli and P. putrifisciens species show no notable electrochemical activity, with no signal of glucose oxidation, due to the absence of type C cytochromes in the cytoplasmic membrane, unlike S. oneidensis and T. denitrificans, that demonstrate a direct electron transfer.

MPPT Optimal Torque Control Strategy for a PMSG-based Wind Turbine Emulator

Wed, 18 Sep 2024 00:00:00 +0000

A wind turbine emulator is a valuable tool, which enables real-time physical simulation of a wind turbine behavior using a dedicated experimental test setup, providing a controlled environment for research and development purposes. One significant advantage of using this tool is its ability to test control algorithms designed to maximize power extraction from the wind turbine. This paper continues previous work on developing a small-scale variable-speed wind turbine emulator based on a Permanent Magnet Synchronous Generator for stand-alone applications (Benhacine et al., 2024). This paper presents enhancements made to the emulator. These improvements facilitate the assessment of a maximum power point tracking control strategy designed to optimize power extraction from the wind turbine.